A.S. Mohammed Rafi v. State of Tamil Nadu
(2011) 1 SCC 688 · Supreme Court of India
Bar associations cannot forbid members from defending police or unpopular accused.
Unit III · Moot Courts, Observation of Trial, Pre-trial Preparations and Internship
Counsel, delay and the accused's participation
Study aid only. Confirm statute numbers with the current bare Act and the official OU LL.B. (3-YDC) 2024–25 syllabus PDF.
Fair-trial checklist: Was counsel of choice or legal aid present? Were adjournments reasoned? Was the accused able to hear and instruct? Record any media or crowd pressure.
Statute sections
| Act / instrument | Section | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Constitution of India | 22(1) | Right to counsel |
| Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 | 341 | Legal aid to accused at State expense in certain cases |
| Advocates Act, 1961 | 35 | Professional misconduct |
Landmark cases
State of Maharashtra v. Champalal Punjaji Shah
(1981) 3 SCC 610 · Supreme Court of India
Prejudice from delay is assessed with the length of delay, reasons, and the accused's assertion of the right.