Shayara Bano v. Union of India
(2017) 9 SCC 1 · Supreme Court of India
Talaq-e-biddat is void; it is not protected as an essential religious practice.
Unit V · Law Relating to Women
Personal law reform: talaq, adultery and temple entry
Study aid only. Confirm statute numbers with the current bare Act and the official OU LL.B. (3-YDC) 2024–25 syllabus PDF.
Statute sections
| Act / instrument | Section | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Constitution of India | 14–15 | Equality and non-discrimination |
| Constitution of India | 25 | Freedom of religion subject to other fundamental rights |
| Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 | 3–4 | Talaq void and offence |
| Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 | 63 Exception 2 | Marital-rape exception (read with Independent Thought) |
Landmark cases
Joseph Shine v. Union of India
(2019) 3 SCC 39 · Supreme Court of India
Section 497 IPC (adultery) was struck down as unconstitutional.
Indian Young Lawyers Assn. v. State of Kerala
(2019) 11 SCC 1 · Supreme Court of India
Women cannot be excluded from a public temple on the ground of biological characteristics.