Anvar P.V. v. P.K. Basheer
(2014) 10 SCC 473 · Supreme Court of India
Secondary electronic evidence is inadmissible unless accompanied by the statutory certificate; oral evidence cannot substitute that certificate.
Unit III · Law of Evidence
Electronic records
Study aid only. Confirm statute numbers with the current bare Act and the official OU LL.B. (3-YDC) 2024–25 syllabus PDF.
Statute sections
| Act / instrument | Section | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 | 61 | Electronic records treated as documents |
| Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 | 62 | Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record (IEA 65A) |
| Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 | 63 | Admissibility of electronic records (IEA 65B) |
Landmark cases
Arjun Panditrao Khotkar v. Kailash Kushanrao Gorantyal
(2020) 7 SCC 1 · Supreme Court of India
The certificate for electronic records is mandatory; it may be produced later in a trial but the requirement cannot be waived by the court.