Barendra Kumar Ghosh v. King Emperor
AIR 1925 PC 1 · Supreme Court of India
A person who is present, aiding and abetting a crime, is guilty as a principal even if another inflicts the fatal blow.
Unit II · Law of Crimes
General exceptions, abetment, conspiracy and attempt
Study aid only. Confirm statute numbers with the current bare Act and the official OU LL.B. (3-YDC) 2024–25 syllabus PDF.
Statute sections
| Act / instrument | Section | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 | 14–44 | General exceptions including private defence (IPC 76–106) |
| Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 | 45–60 | Abetment (IPC 107–120) |
| Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 | 61 | Criminal conspiracy (IPC 120A–120B) |
| Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 | 62 | Attempt to commit an offence (IPC 511) |
Landmark cases
Mahbub Shah v. King Emperor
AIR 1945 PC 118 · Supreme Court of India
Common intention requires a pre-arranged plan; mere presence or similar intention of several persons is not enough.
Abhayanand Mishra v. State of Bihar
AIR 1961 SC 1698 · Supreme Court of India
Attempt begins when the accused, with intention, does an act towards commission that goes beyond mere preparation.