Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India
(1978) 1 SCC 248 · Supreme Court of India
Procedure under Article 21 must be just, fair and reasonable, reading liberty in light of international human-rights values.
Unit I · Human Rights Law
UDHR and the idea of human rights
Study aid only. Confirm statute numbers with the current bare Act and the official OU LL.B. (3-YDC) 2024–25 syllabus PDF.
Statute sections
| Act / instrument | Section | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 | 1–3 | Equality, non-discrimination, life, liberty and security |
| Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 | 8–10 | Effective remedy, arbitrary arrest and fair hearing |
| Constitution of India | 51(c) | Respect for international law |
| Constitution of India | 21 | Life and personal liberty |
Landmark cases
Francis Coralie Mullin v. Administrator, UT of Delhi
(1981) 1 SCC 608 · Supreme Court of India
The right to life includes the right to live with human dignity, not mere animal existence.