Ajay Hasia v. Khalid Mujib
(1981) 1 SCC 722 · Supreme Court of India
Instrumentality or agency of the Government is 'State' under Article 12.
Unit II · Constitutional Law – I
Definition of State, Article 13 and judicial review
Study aid only. Confirm statute numbers with the current bare Act and the official OU LL.B. (3-YDC) 2024–25 syllabus PDF.
Statute sections
| Act / instrument | Section | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Constitution of India | 12 | Definition of State |
| Constitution of India | 13 | Laws inconsistent with fundamental rights |
Landmark cases
L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India
(1997) 3 SCC 261 · Supreme Court of India
Judicial review by High Courts and the Supreme Court is a basic feature.